Story Behind Sir Herbert Baker’s Construction of State House Nairobi

State House Nairobi, an iconic symbol of Kenya’s governance, has been a subject of attention in recent months because of its changing appearance under President William Ruto’s leadership.

The historic building, originally known as Government House, was designed by British architect Herbert Baker in 1907, at a time when Kenya was still a British colony.

Now, under President William Ruto‘s leadership, the building is at the centre of a heated debate, with major renovations raising concerns among Kenyans.

The most controversial change has been the removal of the distinctive roof that has long defined the building’s silhouette.

The windows and flooring have also been altered, with modern finishes replacing the original design.

Additionally, plants that once graced the entrance have been removed, leaving behind a different aesthetic.

Also Read: State House Chief Justifies Millions Set Aside for Renovation

Public Outrage Over State House Renovations

These changes have raised eyebrows among the public, with many Kenyans questioning whether such alterations are in the best interest of preserving the country’s rich heritage.

While some support the renovation for its modernization, others feel it’s a step too far in erasing the historical significance of the State House.

The refurbishment of State House, along with several other state lodges and buildings across the country, has come at a hefty price.

The government’s budget estimate for these renovations is Ksh11.5 billion, drawn from taxpayers’ revenue.

Among the 13 projects slated for completion, Ksh1.7 billion is earmarked specifically for the refurbishment of State House, Nairobi, over the next three years, with Ksh250 million allocated for the 2024/2025 fiscal year alone.

However, despite the controversy, the story of State House would not be complete without acknowledging its original architect, Sir Herbert Baker.

Who Was Sir Herbert Baker?

Baker, who designed some of the most iconic buildings in South Africa and India, left a lasting imprint on Kenya’s architectural identity. His design for the State House was heavily influenced by classical and Palladian styles, blending European traditions with local elements.

His vision was to create a residence that reflected the status of Kenya as a British colony, while also respecting the local culture and climate.

Baker’s work in Kenya extended beyond the State House. His architectural contributions included the design of several buildings in Nairobi, including the East African Railways Headquarters, and the Law Courts.

Moreover, his influence is also evident in other parts of the country, where he designed schools and churches, leaving behind a legacy that continues to shape Kenya’s built environment today.

His thoughtful integration of classical architecture with local materials was a testament to his understanding of Kenya’s unique cultural and environmental context.

For many, the changes being made to the State House are seen as an attempt to erase that legacy, replacing it with a more modern, less historically resonant version of the building.

Also Read: KICC Renovation: MPs Stop Payment of Millions to Chinese Contractors

Why Make Renovations at State House?

Renovating state buildings, especially iconic ones like the State House, is a common practice for several reasons.

1. Preservation of Heritage and History

Many state buildings, especially those with historical significance, need renovation to preserve their original structure and design. Over time, wear and tear from natural elements, ageing materials, and general use can cause deterioration.

2. Security Enhancements

Because state buildings are high-profile, they often become targets for security threats. Renovations may include the installation of advanced security systems, such as surveillance cameras, access controls, reinforced windows, and disaster-resistant features.

Therefore, these updates help ensure the safety of both the occupants and the public, especially given the growing concerns about terrorism and political unrest.

3. Modernization for Functionality

State buildings often require updates to meet modern needs and standards. While their exterior or historical features may be protected, their internal systems, such as plumbing, electrical wiring, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning), and security, may need to be updated.

4. Energy Efficiency and Sustainability

Many older buildings were not designed with modern energy efficiency standards in mind.

Renovating these buildings often includes upgrading insulation, windows, lighting, and HVAC systems to reduce energy consumption.

5. Public Perception and Image

State buildings are often seen as symbols of the nation’s values, governance, and history.

Therefore, governments may renovate them to project a positive image, show commitment to progress, and demonstrate care for the country’s heritage.

Follow our WhatsApp Channel and join our WhatsApp Group for real-time news updates.