Bishop Kukah Rejects Labelling Nigeria ‘Country Of Concern,’ Says Tinubu Government Showing Signs Of Reform

Bishop Kukah Rejects Labelling Nigeria ‘Country Of Concern,’ Says Tinubu Government Showing Signs Of Reform

Speaking at the launch of the 2025 World Report on Religious Freedom by Aid to the Church in Need (ACIN) at the Augustinianum Hall in Vatican City, Kukah described Nigeria’s situation as tragic but cautioned against punitive international actions that could worsen divisions and hinder cooperation between religious leaders and the government.

Catholic Bishop of Sokoto Diocese, Matthew Hassan Kukah, has appealed to the international community not to re-designate Nigeria as a “Country of Particular Concern” over religious freedom violations, saying such a move could derail ongoing efforts to rebuild trust and promote interfaith harmony under President Bola Tinubu’s administration.

Speaking at the launch of the 2025 World Report on Religious Freedom by Aid to the Church in Need (ACIN) at the Augustinianum Hall in Vatican City, Kukah described Nigeria’s situation as tragic but cautioned against punitive international actions that could worsen divisions and hinder cooperation between religious leaders and the government.

He acknowledged that Nigeria has experienced years of violence, kidnappings, and destruction caused by jihadist and bandit groups, resulting in thousands of deaths and displaced persons.

According to him, “For over 15 years now, these murderous gangs of Islamicists and jihadist groups have found their way into our country, wreaking havoc, destroying lives and properties, ravaging farmlands and leaving huge parts of the country empty of human existence. Along with this, a culture of uncontrolled banditry, thousands of communities have been destroyed, with thousands of lives lost.

“The country has witnessed an unacceptable surge in internal displacement in most parts of the north especially around the middle belt states.

“The biggest challenge for us is the appropriate language to use in describing this tragedy. The reactions have been confusing. Early narratives spoke of farmer-herder clashes, climate change, cattle rustling, outright criminality, etc. With the emergence of Boko Haram and the targeting of Church structures, destruction of schools, hospitals, the kidnapping of priests, the religious, seminarians and other pastoral agents, the murderous gangs invoking the words like, allahu akubar as their anthem of death, there was no other way of speaking of persecution of Christians by these jihadist groups rather than calling them religious persecution targeted at Christians.

“Then came the sacking of communities and the occupation of swaths of lands by these terrorist and murderous groups. These groups would later target Muslims who did not believe in their brand of Islam. Today, the floods of blood in Nigeria have no boundaries. This is why the debate over what is happening to us has become so confusing within and outside Nigeria. Although we cannot find the right words, the simple truth is that Nigerians are dying for a living.”

Kukah noted that the confusion over the appropriate language is understandable.

He said the greatest area of concern was how much the tragic turn of events had disrupted years of Nigeria being a colourful tapestry of wonderful human relationships marked by great friendships among our people, across faiths and ethnicities.

“For example, I live in Sokoto, right in the womb of Islam. If we were dealing with outright persecution of Christians on grounds of identity, both myself and my small flock would not exist. For example, on September 8th, 2011, the ceremony of my ordination and installation as the Bishop of Sokoto was marked by this exemplary show of collaboration between the Diocese, the state government and the Sultan who personally enthusiastically provided accommodation for my guests during the occasion.

“I received the gift of a new Prado Jeep from a Muslim friend of mine who said to me, Bishop; This is my gift to you for your pastoral work in your vast Diocese! On the 30th of September this year, the Sultan himself was physically in the premises of our Secretariat where we commissioned an ICT facility with almost 300 computers for youth and children. This is not to say that there are no problems, but our daily lives should be defined by a better narrative.

“We are therefore not dealing with cases of people who are going around wielding machetes and looking for me to kill because I am a Christian. I travel in my official regalia as Bishop in and out of Sokoto. We carry out our religious services with no molestations. However, what is important is not to create the impression that we have no problems. We do have serious problems but these have escalated because the federal and state governments have, over the years allowed these problems to fester.

“The inability of the federal government and its security agencies to end these killings has created the condition for the genocide that has taken over many communities today. By whatever names we choose, the fact is that Nigerians are dying unacceptable deaths across the country. In many cases, they are targeted because of their beliefs but also because of their ethnicity. We are in the cusp of a weak state with clear lack of capacity to arrest the descent into anarchy,” he said.

Kukah explained that Nigerians feel vulnerable and unprotected irrespective of their faiths, ethnicity or social classes. A significant part of our social life has literally collapsed as many citizens now fear large gatherings for social events or prayer.

He stated, “It is important to restate that things were never really always like this. The last 8 years of the Buhari administration marked the worst phase in the history of interfaith relations in Nigeria, especially relating to violence against Christians and their exclusion from power. That administration gave oxygen to jihadists by virtue of its policies which overtly favoured Islam and northern Nigeria.

“The President himself was a Muslim, ensured that the Senate President, the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker, the entire leadership of security was entrusted to the hands of only Muslims, almost all from the north. This was a departure from the sensibilities that had characterized power sharing in Nigeria. I argued then that in reality, the difference between President Buhari and the Jihadists was that he was using a pen while the jihadists were using weapons of violence against Christians. I also stated that under Buhari, to gain power, it was more important to be a northern Muslim than to be a citizen of Nigeria.

“Today, sadly, Nigeria is still bleeding. However, I see a window of opportunity that we could use to restore harmony among our people. The Report acknowledged that the First Family is an example of what should give hope in Nigeria; with the President being a Muslim and his wife being a Pastor in a Pentecostal Church! The President and the Vice President are Muslims, yet Christians have not felt alienated.

“The Chief of General Staff of the Nigerian Army, the Director of State Security Services among others are Christians. The President just appointed a Christian as the leader of the ruling Party. He also has appointed a Christian as the Chairman of the Independent National Electoral Commission, INEC.

“These are confidence building measures aimed at inspiring confidence in the citizens about having a sense of belonging. Our situation is far from perfect. We are still in a bad place, but there are signs of a government willing to listen. In response to the tragedy of the horrible killings in Yelwata, Benue state, the President physically paid a visit and had interactive sessions with the victims and the state government. It also pledged financial assistance to the victims. Such actions are different from the Buhari period where the President largely simply looked the other way without empathy,” he explained.

Kukah said the report indicates some decline in terrorist attacks quoting the Global Terrorism Index Report for2025 which states that terrorist attacks in Nigeria declined by 37% in 2024.

However, the report still notes that; During the reporting period, innumerable attacks in Nigeria were documented in which the victims’ religious affiliation played a contributing or decisive role.

According to him, religious identity, particularly Christian identity in the northern states, matters intensely because it renders Christians (and moderate Muslims) particularly vulnerable to violence, persecution, and displacement.

“Religious freedom in Nigeria is under grave threat, principally due to legal measures that support discrimination against Christians in the northern states, as well as severe and relentless atrocities committed throughout the country. It is therefore deeply discouraging to note that prospects for religious freedom in Africa’s most populous nation remain extremely grim.

“This Report is not meant to make anyone side happy or sad. It is a wake-up call for Nigeria. The report offers Nigeria and opportunity to stand in the mirror and decide how it wants to create a country of common citizenship. President Bola Tinubu ordered Nigeria to return to its old national anthem, emphasizing that one of the stanzas says, we want to; build a country where no one is oppressed. Now is the time to live up to these principles. There is an urgent need to bring all laws, I am mean all, under the purview of the Constitution of the federal republic of Nigeria.

“For years, the agents of state have stood by as individuals took the law into their hands, destroying churches and killing Christians over the last forty years, killing innocent citizens of both faiths on grounds of blasphemy laws with the Hisbah groups seeking to enforce Islamic laws by the backdoor, all with no repercussion.”

He further expressed that rhe dubious decision by 12 northern states to adopt Sharia law in a Democracy in 2000, opened the door to Islamicists who saw this as a sign that Islam was on the ascendancy.

He said things must change and the President should go to court to have the adoption of the Sharia law by the 12 northern states declared unconstitutional as the only way to arrest the tendency to mob justice which continues to claim innocent lives of citizens such as Deborah Samuel (Sokoto), Bridget Agbahime (Kano). The secular state anticipated by the Constitution must be enforced.

“In the experiences of Christian minorities in northern Nigeria, what constitutes persecution is not necessarily just violence. It is also the perceived denial of their rights to access to places of worship in public institutions, refusal of state authorities to allocate lands for the building of churches, not reconstructing destroyed churches when fanatics raze them down, denial of employment opportunities and promotion in public institutions, lack of access to religious education for Christian children in public schools etc.

“The right to what constitutes persecution belongs to the victim. It is left for the state to gauge these claims against the Constitution,” Kukah added.

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